A judge asked the U.S. Department of Justice on Friday how much room there would be for new search engines to emerge given the rise of artificial intelligence, as antitrust enforcers press for Alphabet's Google to take dramatic measures to restore competition in online search.

A judge queried lawyers during closing arguments on Friday about how future competition should factor into his decision, which is expected by August.

The federal judge who will decide how to limit Google’s monopoly in search is considering its advantage in artificial intelligence too, and aiming to limit harm to the other players in the market with any resolution.