If you took introductory physics, you learned about the “fundamental forces.” It goes something like this: All interactions ...

Each bond contains two electrons that are "paired," meaning they share an orbital -; the region where they move. Now, each of these paired electrons has one of two possible spin states ...

Dioxygen is a peculiar molecule. Whereas organic compounds are usually in a singlet ground state having paired electrons, the electronic ground state of molecular oxygen has two unpaired electrons ...

Since electrons have almost no mass ... He called it a neutron, and imagined it as a paired proton and electron. There was no evidence for any of these ideas. Chadwick kept the problem in the ...

Because of the dual conduction bands, the pair spin-orbit interaction comes from the electric forces (Coulomb forces) of one band on the other bands electrons. An inversion asymmetry is no longer ...